Metropolitan underground railway is one of those crucial inventions whose hypothetical non-existence would make city life unbearable. The spaces born alongside the development of the prominent infrastructure have an impact that far transcends their utilitarian importance and are also marked by great ambiguity: they are a negative space of transit movement with all the social characteristics of a positive gathering space, a legal underworld whose manifestations both underground and over it will always be a challenge to city authority and space designers alike.
